The Effects of Culture on Active and Passive Reactions to Financial Offenders; the Moderating Role of Type of Harm

In the present research, we examine how culture influences individuals’ reactions to financial offenders. We hypothesized that horizontal individualists deploy increased active (i.e., punishment-oriented) whereas vertical collectivists passive condemning beliefs) Moreover, would react stronger a offender when an offense has instrumental related material costs) as opposed symbolic one’s self-image) implications for victim, while show opposite pattern of results. Studies 1 and 2 directly compared British individualist culture) versus Greek collectivist participants. Study 3 aimed replicate by measuring cultural values at individual level. The results obtained in three studies provided support most our hypotheses. Theoretical practical are discussed.